Associations between Intake of Different Types of Vegetables and Metabolic Dysfunction- associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-based Study

Abstract

Abstract Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) presently poses a threat to approximately 24% of the global population. The consumption of healthy diets rich in an abundant assortment of vegetables has been scientifically validated to mitigate the progression of MAFLD. However, it remains uncertain whether all categories of vegetables confer benefits for MAFLD. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of different types of vegetables on MAFLD, aiming to provide a scientific basis for developing more appropriate dietary recommendations for individuals at high risk of MAFLD. Methods We investigated the associations between various types of vegetable consumption and the risk of MAFLD, utilizing data sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Employing multiple logistic regression and subgroup analyses, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Our analysis encompassed a total of 3162 participants. Remarkably, heightened intake of dark green vegetables demonstrated an innovative association with reduced odds of MAFLD (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.36–0.69; p-value < 0.01), while the consumption of starchy vegetables exhibited increased odds of MAFLD (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07–1.79; p-value = 0.02). In the subgroup analysis, a prominent inverse correlation between the consumption of dark green vegetables and MAFLD was discerned among female and non-Hispanic white people with higher educational attainment. Conclusions Our study conclusively demonstrates that a heightened intake of dark green vegetables is linked to diminished odds of MAFLD, whereas increased consumption of starchy vegetables is associated with elevated odds of MAFLD.