Association of dietary inflammatory index, serum inflammatory factors and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study from Xinjiang, China

Abstract

Abstract Background Previous studies have found the inflammatory potential of the diet is associated with a variety of chronic non-communicable diseases characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory response. However, the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential and organismal inflammatory status and osteoporosis has been less studied. This study aims to investigate the relationship between inflammatory diet, inflammatory state and osteoporosis in Xinjiang multi-ethnic population. Methods Participants consisted of 4452 adults aged 35 to 74 years from Xinjiang, China. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated using dietary data collected by the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and information about osteoporosis was derived from quantitative ultrasound measurements. The relationship between DII, inflammatory factors and osteoporosis was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, and the non-linear association between DII and osteoporosis was further analyzed using restricted cubic splines. Results The results showed pro-inflammatory diets were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis (T3 vs T1: OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.44, 2.45) and that there was no non-linear relationship between DII and the risk of osteoporosis. Increased concentrations of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, and IL-23 were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. Conclusions The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced by increasing the consumption of an appropriate anti-inflammatory diet.