Aqueous extract of CAP-ash: An innovative approach for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in palladium catalyzed ligand-free condition

Abstract

AbstractA green and highly efficient Pd(OAc)2catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) coupling reaction using an aqueous extract of CAP-ash (AECAP) at ambient temperature is reported to synthesize a variety of biphenyls. The analytical reports showed the presence of oxides which are probably extracted in water produces corresponding hydroxides, which provide alkaline media in water as a dual performance (solvent and base) for said cross-coupling transformation. The catalytic system is generated in situ based on aqueous extract and Pd(OAc)2which requires no external base and ligand. The custard apple peels were found to be natural agro-waste, highly cost-effective, operationally convenient, and easily recyclable.