Magnitude of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Association Factors Among Pregnant Women in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, ethiopia in 2021

Abstract

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders known to develop during pregnancy. A study in northern Ethiopia found a prevalence of 13% among urban women which was higher than that of women in rural areas (5%). Risk factors for GDM are mainly advanced maternal age, obesity and family history of diabetes. Objective This study aims to assess the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and association factors in public hospitals of Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa from June 1/2021 to August 1/2021 among randomly selected hospitals. Data was collected through face to face interview using a semi structured questionnaire and stored in to to EPi data version 7.1. Its completeness and cleanliness was checked before importing it to the SPSS version 25 software for the final analysis. The significant factors were computed by using multivariable logistic regression. The independent factors of GDM were those variables with a p < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model and the measures of association was reported in adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% CI. Results This study found that the magnitude of gestational diabetic mellitus among the study participant is 18.7%. Factors like multi Parity [AOR = 5.28, 95% CI, 1.45–19.20], Regular ANC follow up [AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17–0.82], MUAC (24–26 cm) [AOR = 5.07, 95% CI: 1.14–22.65] and Sweet drink consumption [AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.10–3.48) were positively associated with Gestational diabetic mellitus. While as fat consumption [AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29–0.94], Nutritional advise [AOR = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.12–0.40], fruit Consumption [AOR = 0.51; 95% CI (0.28, 0.91] and meal frequency of > = 3 time per day [AOR = 0.4; 95% CI (0.22, 0.93)] were negatively associated with Gestational diabetic mellitus. Conclusions The overall magngnitude of Gestational diabetic mellitus was found to be 18.7% and a major public health concern among pregnant women in Addis Ababa. Parity, MUAC 24–26 cm, Nutritional advice, Sweet drink, and fat consumption were significantly associated with Gestational diabetic mellitus. Given the imminent burden of obesity, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity, a substantial threat of Gestational diabetic mellitus is anticipated in Ethiopia. This may be an appropriate time to think about considering the need for routine screening of Gestational diabetic mellitus to reduce the impact of the diseases in the country.