Abstract
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases have a multi-factorial etiology, that includes hypertension, diabetes, stress, smoking, dyslipidemia and positive family history. Of them Acute myocardial infarction remains one of the most life threatening condition that can lead to post MI complications or death.
Objective:
To determine the risk factors associated with Acute Myocardial infarction in patients presenting in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi.
Method:
A cross sectional study was conducted on a sample size of 377 Acute Myocardial Infarcted patients .The sample was taken through non probability purposive sampling from Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi and National institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Karachi.. Data was then analyzed using SPSS version 22 with 95% confidence interval, margin of error was taken 5% and P-value 0.05 was significant.
Results:
A study was conducted to characterize patient demographics and assess the prevalence of various health factors among individuals presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Among the 377 patients analyzed, 40.3% fell within the age range of 56-65 years, totaling 152 individuals. The male representation was higher, constituting 57.8% (218 out of 377), compared to females at 42.2%. A considerable proportion, totaling 77.7%, had hypertension, while approximately 52.5% were smokers. Diabetes was present in only 36.3% of participants, whereas 38.2% reported dyslipidemia. Additionally, 67.4% had a positive family history of MI, and a mere 9.5% engaged in regular exercise. Consumption of whisky was reported by 19.6% of participants, and 60.5% had undergone surgical procedures.
Significantly, male participants exhibited a higher prevalence of smoking (83%) compared to females at 10.69% (p-value = 0.000). Alcohol consumption was also notably higher in males, reported at 30.7%, in contrast to females at 4.40% (p-value = 0.000). Surgical procedures were more prevalent among female participants, with 77.35% having undergone them, compared to 48.16% of males (p-value = 0.000).Furthermore, there was a significant association between age groups and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (p-values = 0.000, 0.001, and 0.000, respectively), suggesting variations in prevalence across different age brackets.
Conclusion:
The study highlights the prevalence of various health factors among the sampled population, with significant gender disparities observed in smoking, alcohol consumption, and surgical procedures. Understanding these factors is crucial for implementing targeted interventions and public health initiatives to address prevalent health issues within the community. Further research may delve into the underlying factors contributing to these disparities and explore effective strategies for health promotion and disease prevention.