Genomics complement of FOXO1 gene prevents Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Abstract Background: The FOXO1 (FKHR) is a major insulin-dependent gene that governs metabolic (glucose) homeostasis in reaction to Redox imbalance (oxidative damage). Also, the insulin-dependent FOXO1 gene from the FOXO group of TFs (transcription factors) prevents type 2 diabetes (adult-onset diabetes). The adult-onset diabetes appears when insulin is ineffective and suppresses glucose levels in the organs (liver and pancreas). The FOX domain-mediated FOXO1A gene product regulates glucose formation via hepatic gluconeogenesis by peptide hormone (insulin). FOXO1A further controls the hepatic function via glucogenic-initiated genes and improves the adipocyte and motion of insulin. FOXO1 gene enhances hepatic glucose formation and maintains beta-cell damage. So, the FKHR (FOXO1A) gene restores insulin reactivity and recovers diabetes phenotype. The novelty of the FOXO1A gene is a regulator of the liver, adipocyte, and pancreas. The response of the forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A) gene controls insulin-forming beta-cells to treat diabetes. Therefore, insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells remain a target of diabetes therapy. Aim: So, the study aimed to investigate the FOXO group of transcription factors (TFs) in the mammalian genome. Further observation of the FOX domain is mandatory to explore the fundamental strategy of the insulin-dependent FOXO1A gene in the mammalian genome. Methods: Hence, the study applies bioinformatics with computational techniques and tools to the current knowledge of the FOXO group of TFs in the genome. This application may be valuable for future analysis of the particular gene and their groups in different organism’s genomes. Results: A genome-wide examination suggested different genes contain forkhead box domains in two organism’s genomes. Further observation demonstrated the forkhead box/winged helix domain and motifs in the FOXO1 gene in both organisms. Also, a group-wise identification forwarded the FOX domain-mediated FOXO1 (FKH1), FOXO3 (FKHRL1), FOXO4 (AFX1), and FOXO6 (forkhead box O6) in Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. So, the documented data upgraded a sum of FOX (forkhead box) domain-mediated genes and their subgroup in Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. Also, the FOXO signaling pathway confirmed cell cycle regulation, metabolism, autophagy, immune regulation, oxidative stress arrest, DNA repair, muscle atrophy, and apoptosis in humans. Therefore, the analysis forwarded the FOXO1A governs insulin susceptibility and recovers diabetes phenotype. Conclusion: The study provided a reference of the forkhead box domain-mediated genes that play a central role in the survival of organisms. In contrast, the FOXO1A gene maintains metabolic homeostasis via insulin to treat diabetes. So, the FOXO1A is a supreme regulator in gluconeogenesis. Therefore, the study concluded that the FOXO1A gene function and molecular mechanisms would be the ultimate target to prevent type 2 diabetes.