Prevalence and risk factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Hangzhou

Abstract

Abstract Purpose To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Hangzhou city, and provide ideas for the formulation of myopia prevention and control measures. Methods A cross-sectional school-based study using stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 31,880 students from 113 schools in Hangzhou city. Myopia screening and questionnaires on the influencing factors of poor visual acuity were carried out. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen possible risk factors of myopia. Results The overall myopia rate was 55.3%, with the increase of the school period, the prevalence of myopia among students showing upward trend (χ2 = 8744.446, P<0.001). The myopia prevalence in girls is higher than that in boys (χ2 = 119.917, P<0.001); the prevalence of myopia in urban students is higher than that in suburban students (χ2 = 4.603, P = 0.032). With the increase of school stage, the composition ratio of low myopia showed a downward trend, while the composition ratio of medium and high myopia showed an upward trend, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 2482.504, P<0.001). Longer homework time (P<0.001), unreasonable light usage (P = 0.001), duration of using eyes at a short distance ≥ 1h (P<0.001) and one or both of the parents suffered myopia (P<0.001) are independently associated with higher prevalence of myopia. Conclusions The myopia prevalence among children and adolescents in Hangzhou is still at a relatively high level, and is affected by most factors such as outdoor activities, lighting use, sleep time, eye-use behaviors, and region, needing targeted intervention measures.