ACE Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphisms with DM Type II and Metabolic Syndrome among Sample of Jordanians

Abstract

Abstract Objective MetS has gained an incredible interest worldwide on account of its increasing predominance with a prevalence rate of 14–32%, its incidence is increased by age for both genders. The present study was aimed to explore the relationship of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms and the potential risk of development of diabetes mellitus type II and metabolic syndrome among a sample of Jordanians. Materials and Methods this case-control study included 148 type II diabetics; 127 MetS patients; and 241 normal subjects as a control group. ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and ACE activity was determined chemically. Apolipoprotein-A1 and plasma insulin levels were estimated by ELISA; and glycosylated hemoglobin was estimated by the micro-chromatographic method. Semiquantitative test strips were used for detecting microalbuminuria in urine. Results Regarding the criteria of metabolic syndrome, ID polymorphism was associated significantly with hypertension showing a positive risk ratio, microalbuminuria with positive risk ratios was associated significantly with II polymorphism and I allele, while, a significant negative risk ratios were shown between hypertension, microalbuminuria and DD polymorphism. Conclusion There is evidence that ID, II ACE gene polymorphisms and I allele may play a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome along with diabetes mellitus type II in Jordanian population.