Abstract
Senna siamea/Cassia siamea (SS) has been used by the locals for the management of malaria over the years. The aim of the research is to experimentally justify the usage of different extracts of Senna siamea in the treatment of malaria using both in vitro and in vivo models and unveiling the probable mechanism of action. Aqueous extract of SS (AQ) was observed to possess a weak antiplasmodial activity due to 10.20 ± 2.52% and 1.44 ± 0.52% suppression and curation, respectively. Upon subjection to confirmatory bioassay, diethyl ether (DeE) extract showed IC50 of 0.0650 ± 0.01, which is significantly different from 0.8838 ± 0.01 observed in the chloroquine treated group (CqN). About100 mg/kg of DeE also significantly suppresses the expression of the Pb-EMPI gene of Plasmodium berghei (post-treatment), relative to the untreated group (UNT), CqN methanol-treated group (MeE). Also, 100 mg/kg of DeE also showed reversed hepatic lipodystrophy by down-regulating FAS, HMG CoA reductase, and Acetyl CoA carboxylase genes relative to overexpressions observed in UnT, CqN, and MeE treated groups. Inhibition of overexpression of 1L-1b, TNF-G, and 1L-10 hepatic portal tract inflammation genes was noted in 100 mg/kg of DeE when compared with UnT,CqN, and MeE extract of SS. GC-MS of bioactive DeE showed that squalene was the main constituent. Bioactive constituents are suggested to be non-polar in nature and they also exhibit antiplasomodial polypharmacology potential, while squalene was also suggested to be abundant in the non-polar extract.