Cytotoxicity and wound healing efficacy of biosynthesis ZnO Nanoparticles Using Aspergillus niger against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Abstract Background Critically ill patients, particularly burn patients, are at substantial risk from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, which is a common source of healthcare-acquired infections. The rise of multidrug resistant pathogens is increasing, making control difficult. Infectious infections continue to be a public health concern worldwide, owing to growing resistance to antimicrobial agents. The current study was designed to assess the effectiveness of biologically produced zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in both vitro and vivo against MDR P. aeruginosa. Results Four soil samples were gathered from various sites. Fifteen fungus isolates were identified and tested for their ability to produce green ZnO NPs. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated against P. aeruginosa. Using morphological and molecular methods, a powerful fungal isolate in producing ZnO NPs was identified. The isolate of the fungus was recognized as A. niger. ZnO-NPs were produced biologically and UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Zeta potential and particle size analysis were then used to characterize the samples. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs had no impact on normal melanocyte mammalian cell line (Hfb4) with IC50 365.64µM, had an antitumor effect on breast cancer cell lines (Mcf7) with IC50 61.92µM and displayed antiviral effects against the herpes simplex virus type 1 (Hvs1) (91.4%) at 250 µg/ml. Using female albino rats infected with P. aeruginosa, the antibacterial efficacy and wound healing effectiveness of synthesized ZnO NPs were assessed and their activity was compared with different agents including saline solution alone, fusidic acid (20 ml/g), and chemically synthesized ZnO NP. In comparison to other agents employed, the findings demonstrated that biosynthesized ZnO NPs have a significant impact on the process of wound healing. An estimation of the oxidative stress and immune response in rats given biosynthesized ZnO NP treatments revealed that oxidative stress and inflammation were reduced because of the presence of infection. Three weeks later, histopathological examination was performed to assess the wound healing development. Conclusions The outcomes showed after 14 days, ZnO NPs are highly effective against MDR P. aeruginosa and accelerate the healing of wounds.