Evolution of ToM abilities among older adults and the elder.

Abstract

Abstract Theory of Mind (ToM) is a construct of cognitive, social and affective skills that contributes to a better effectiveness of interpersonal relationships, as well as a better understanding of social scenarios. Its evolution throughout adulthood is being subject of extensive study. We have done a quasi-experimental design study with a healthy aging sample of 69 people ranging in age from 65 to 94. The purpose was to understand the evolution of ToM abilities in this group of age; to determine whether these abilities evolve equally and clarify which aspects influence this evolution. Results show a progressive decrease in the scores registered in the elders, mainly from the age of 79. But this decline is uneven, since 2nd order false belief tasks, that is, tasks with greater cognitive complexity, obtain worse results at an older age. On the other hand, findings indicate that the variable that has the most influence on ToM skills is social activity, followed by verbal reasoning. Likewise, in line with the most recent literature, age itself is not shown as a factor that justifies the decrease in mental abilities, but rather the individual social and cognitive changes associated with it. These results reinforce the link between social activity, mental performance and cognitive health, in such a way that social activity based on interpersonal relationships becomes a tool for the prevention of social isolation and cognitive deterioration associated with the most advanced stages of adulthood.