Major cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity in the municipality of Niakhene in 2020 in Senegal

Abstract

Abstract INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure are a heavy health and economic burden in low-income countries. This work aimed to study the prevalence of diabetes, arterial hypertension, and obesity as well as their associated factors in the Niakhene commune in rural Senegal. METHOD This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical survey among subjects aged at least 18 years and residing in the municipality of Niakhene carried out in October 2020. A systematic random survey, stratified according to sex and sections was carried out. The questionnaire was constructed from the framework of the STEPS 2015 World Health Organization tools and a literature review. This questionnaire was associated with anthropometric, blood sugar and blood pressure measurements. Descriptive and analytical analyzes were performed with R 4.0.2 software. RESULTS A total of 300 individuals were surveyed. They had a mean age of 35.3 years (SD:16.9), female (52.3%), married (65.7%), and uneducated (67.7%). The main family history was high blood pressure (42.0%), diabetes (9.0%), and stroke (5.7%). The prevalence of diabetes was 3.7% including 0.7% newly diagnosed. Factors associated with diabetes were advanced age over 60 (ORaj =10.6 95% CI [1.32-232]) and family history of diabetes (ORaj =10.6 95% CI 8 .77 [1.16-65.7]). On arterial hypertension, the prevalence was 47.7% of which 16.3% were newly diagnosed. It was associated with age and areas of overweight-obesity. Subjects aged 40 to 59 had a 4.1 ORaj (95% CI [1.9-9.3]) times greater risk of being hypertensive and this risk increases with age and people aged 60 and over had a risk of 5.6 ORaj (95% CI [2.37-13.9]). Overweight and obese people with a BMI greater than 25 Kg/m2 were 2.6 ORaj (95% CI [1.25-5.76]) times more at risk of being hypertensive Overweight was noted in 10.7% and obesity in 3.7%. They were mainly associated with age with people aged 25-39 being 7.5 (95% CI [2.35-33.9]) more at risk than young people aged 18-25. CONCLUSION The increasing development of major cardiovascular risk factors should lead health authorities to give crucial importance to the fight against the burden of non-communicable diseases in the context of epidemiological transition.