Associated factors of sedentary behavior among patients with coronary artery disease based on health belief model

Abstract

Abstract Background People’s health belief has been an important factor affecting health behavior. However, there has been little use of the health belief model (HBM) in determining the pathway effect of patients’ health belief on sedentary behavior among patients with coronary artery disease (CHD). The goal of our study was to evaluate determinants of sedentary behavior among patients with CHD based on the HBM.Methods It was a cross-sectional study. A survey about health belief and sedentary behavior was completed by 379 adults with CHD from February to August 2023. The causal relationship between HBM-related factors and sedentary behavior was explored using a structural equation model.Results A total of 379 complete responses were included; 67.0% of participants were male. The mean sedentary time was (7.18 ± 2.64) h/d. The model fit the data from the study well. Perceived barriers (total effect 0.296, P < 0.01) had promoting effects on sedentary behavior among patients with CHD. Self-efficacy (total effect − 0.253, P < 0.01), the knowledge of sedentary behavior (total effect − 0.279, P < 0.01), perceived susceptibility (total effect − 0.084, P < 0.05), perceived severity (total effect − 0.317, P < 0.01), perceived benefits (total effect − 0.266, P < 0.01) and health motivation (total effect − 0.105, P < 0.05) had negative effects on sedentary behavior. The relationship between the knowledge of sedentary behavior, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits on sedentary behavior were moderated by self-efficacy. The health belief could explain 32.9% of sedentary behavior among patients with CHD (P < 0.05).Conclusions The HBM constructs can serve as good predictors of sedentary behavior. Community medical staff can develop targeted sedentary behavior interventions among patients with CHD based on the health belief model in the future.