Smoking-related gut microbiota alteration is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases: results from two independent cohorts with sibling comparison analyses

Author:

Duan Yiting1,Xu Chengquan1,Wang Wenjie1,Wang Xiaoyan1,Xu Nuo1,Zhong Jieming2,Gong Weiwei2,Zheng Weifang3,Wu Yi-Hsuan4,Myers April4,Chu Lisa4,Lu Ying5,Delzell Elizabeth4,Hsing Ann W.4,Yu Min2,He Wei1,Zhu Shankuan1

Affiliation:

1. Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children’ s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University

2. Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention

3. Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

4. Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University

5. Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University

Abstract

Abstract

Background Individuals who smoke exhibit lower body mass index (BMI) but face an elevated risk of obesity-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests smoking may influence the composition of the microbiome. Thus, this study aims to investigate this paradox from the perspective of gut microbiota. Results Our findings contradict the conventional view that smoking primarily leads to weight loss. We observed a significant positive association between the smoking-related microbiota index and several obesity indicators. Longitudinal analysis revealed that smoking-related microbiota index is linked with an increased risk of diabetes, obesity-related cancers, and cardiovascular complications. Sibling comparison analyses further supported these results, demonstrating the robustness of the associations. Conclusion These findings challenge the conventional notion that smoking is merely associated with weight loss, uncovering instead that smoking-related microbiome changes significantly contribute to a higher risk of obesity and an augmented central fat distribution, ultimately leading to a higher risk of obesity-related diseases.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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