Assessing the Influence of Demographic Factors and Functional Independence on Disease Risk among Home-Dwelling Chinese Elders Aged 80 and Over: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Abstract Background Ensuring top-quality care for the elderly necessitates a deep understanding of the elements influencing the health and self-sufficiency of those over 80, especially those residing in their own homes. Aim The study identifies key health influencers in Chinese home-dwelling individuals over 80, informing public health and medical care strategies. Methods The study analyzed 13,027 elderly individuals Activities of Daily Living (ADL) by the Barthel Index (BI), focusing on how demographic factors affect their health outcomes, employing logistic regression analysis to contribute insights into geriatric healthcare. Results Results show that in individuals over 80, chronic disease prevalence is significantly influenced by factors like age, occupation, location, marital status, education, income, and insurance (p<0.01). Female participants (Hazard Ratio (HR）= 0.858(0.787-0.935) had a lower risk of chronic diseases, while divorced individuals (HR= 1.839 (1.047-3.228) had a higher risk. Education level and income source also influenced disease risk. Insurance with “New Rural"(HR=3.407 (2.773-4.187) and "Urban Resident" (HR=2.872 (2.471-3.339) participants had higher risks. Mobility Issues stand out as having a substantial negative effect, significantly reducing the likelihood of self-sufficient or mildly dependent (HR=0.579 (0.427, 0.786)) and increasing the risk of severely dependent (HR= 1.649 (1.175, 2.315)). Discussion The study finds that factors like age, occupation, and lifestyle strongly impact chronic diseases in the elderly, highlighting the need for personalized healthcare for those at higher risk. Conclusions This analysis explores how demographic and clinical factors influence the health and independence of elderly Chinese individuals aged 80 and above, with potential implications for their healthcare needs.