The influence of systemic condition and medications on alveolar bone loss and tooth attrition

Abstract

Abstract Background Periodontitis is an infectious disease leading to reduced periodontal support, reflected radiographically as marginal bone loss (MBL). Periodontitis is linked to systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, etc. Periodontitis elevates the bacterial load and spreads systemic inflammation through infection and inflammation. Risk factors, including medications, smoking, age, and gender, can influence periodontal health. Tooth wear, characterized by irreversible enamel and dentin changes like wear facets, cracks, or fractures, has limited documented systemic conditions and medication associations. Aim To assess the influence of systemic conditions and medication on radiographic signs of tooth wear (TW) and marginal bone loss (MBL). Materials and methods A retrospective analysis encompassed 3900 patients with detailed medical documentation, including systemic diseases and medication, and a full-mouth radiographic survey. Odds ratio and logistic regression analysis were applied to ascertain the correlation between systemic conditions and medication on MBL and TW. Results Most systemic conditions exhibited a significant effect on TW and/or MBL. Age, gender, and smoking exhibited an elevated odds ratio for TW occurrence. Age, gender, smoking, diabetes, and psychiatric conditions were associated with an increased odds ratio for MBL. Conclusion Most systemic conditions and medications notably impacted MBL, with TW showing a less pronounced impact.