The prevalence and risk factors of orthostatic hypotension with cardiovascular diseases: An observational study

Abstract

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease can aggravate the degree of blood pressure drop in patients after standing, causing orthostatic hypotension, thus leading to the occurrence of adverse events such as syncope and fall. The focus of this study was to describe the prevalence and explore risk factors of orthostatic hypotension in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: An observational study was conducted on patients who had cardiovascular disease from October 2021 to October 2022 in a hospital in Hebei Province, China. Blood pressure was measured in the supine position and within 3min after standing. Data on demographic data, combined disease, taking anti-hypertensive drugs and examination indicators were collected by using a physician-administered questionnaire and clinical records. A logistic regression was used for the risk factors of orthostatic hypotension in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Results: The study included 759 patients with a mean age of 62.0 (55.0–68.0) years, male predominance (68.0%, n = 516), and orthostatic hypotension (23.8%, n = 181). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age [compared to the age group of [18,41), the OR (95%CI) for the age group of [61,71) was 6.182 (1.390 ~ 27.497), the OR (95%CI) for the age group of ≥ 71 years was 5.007 (1.059 ~ 23.676)], combined arrhythmia[compared with no combined arrhythmia, the combined arrhythmia OR (95%CI) was 3.552 (2.223 ~ 5.674)], higher mean systolic BP in the supine position[the OR (95%CI) was 1.029 (1.014 ~ 1.043)], higher total cholesterol [the OR (95%CI) was 1.252(1.013 ~ 1.546)], take calcium channel blockers anti-hypertensive drugs[compared with not taking calcium channel blockers anti-hypertensive drugs, the OR (95%CI) for taking calcium channel blockers anti-hypertension drugs was 1.661(1.062 ~ 2.597)], take β-blocker anti-hypertensive drugs [compared with not taking β-blockers anti-hypertensive drugs, the OR (95%CI) for taking β-blockers anti-hypertensive drugs was 1.985(1.262 ~ 3.125)] were risk factors for orthostatic hypotension in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in cardiovascular disease inpatients are high. Health care providers should pay more attention to orthostatic hypotension, carry out targeted prevention and management measures for key groups with risk factors, reduce the incidence of adverse events, improve the quality of nursing, and promote the health recovery of patients.