Association of Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score and Macronutrient Quality Index with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors affecting a quarter of the global population, with diet playing a significant role in its progression. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Dietary diabetes risk reduction score (DDRRS) and Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) scoring systems in assessing diet-related metabolic syndrome risk. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of 7431 individuals aged between 30 and 70 years from the Mashhad Cohort Study were used to evaluate metabolic syndrome risk factors. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed participants' dietary intake. The MQI was calculated based on carbohydrate, fat, and healthy protein components. The DDRRS was also computed. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to determine metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between MQI and DDRRS with metabolic syndrome and its components. Results: According to the crude model, we found that the odds of MetS were lower in the highest quartile of DDRRS and MQI when compared to the lowest quartile (P-trend < 0.001). The trend persisted in the full adjusted models, with odds ratios of 0.399 (95% CI: 0.319-0.500) and 0.597 (95% CI: 0.476-0.749) for DDRRS and MQI respectively. After controlling for all potential confounders, lower odds of central obesity in the highest quartile of MQI (OR: 0.818, 95%CI: 0.676-0.989, P-trend= 0.027) was observed. Moreover, we found that the odds of high triglyceride levels were lower in the highest quartile of DDRRS compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 0.633, 95% CI: 0.521, 0.770, P-trend< 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that higher adherence to both DDRRS and MQI is associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome and its components. These findings have important implications for public health and personalized nutrition strategies