Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among adult population in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundLower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is among these problems requiring the knowledge of its general international and national burden as well as concerning its etiologic agents. There is no nationally representative information on the prevalence of bacterial CAP with its common etiology. This review was intended to report the pooled prevalence of CAP with common bacterial etiologies among adult populations in the Ethiopia context.MethodologyA comprehensive search of published literature was made on electronic databases such as PUBMED, Science Direct, CINAHL, HINARI, Google scholar, and the local university repository. This study was done based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. A primary article published in the last two decades that report the bacterial profile of CAP among adult population in Ethiopia was included. The quality of each study was checked by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for cross-sectional studies. Cochrane Q and I2values were used to assess the heterogeneity among studies. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and eggers test. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The protocol for this study was registered in PROSPERO (ID=CRD42022357896).ResultA total of 1440 articles were screened and only 9 articles were included in the final analysis with a total sample size of 2496. The pooled prevalence of CAP among adult population was 39.18% confidence interval (CI (36.34-42.02), I2=52.6, P=0.032). With respect to bacterial etiologiesKlebsiella pneumoniaewas the most common isolate (9.1%) followed byStreptococcus pneumoniae(8.11%)andStaphylococcus aureus(6.8%). There was no publication bias as checked by symmetric funnel plot and eggers test (p = 0.15). The estimate of all included studies has laid between CI of the pooled estimate as indicated by sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThe overall estimate of CAP in this study was 39.18%.Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniaeandStaphylococcus aureuswere the most common isolate in causing CAP. It is better to provide a tool for the diagnosis of specific etiologic agents for better diagnosis of patients and increase patient outcomes by reducing empirical treatments.