Haploidentical Donor Blood or Marrow Transplantation for Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Overlap Neoplasms: Results from a North American Collaboration

Abstract

Abstract Haploidentical donors offer a potentially readily available donor, especially for non-White patients, for blood or marrow transplantation (BMT). In this collaboration across North America, we retrospectively analyzed outcomes of first BMT using haploidentical donor and posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in MDS/MPN-overlap neoplasms (MDS/MPN), an otherwise incurable hematological neoplasm. We included 120 patients, 38% of non-White/Caucasian ethnicity, across 15 centers with median age at BMT 62.5 years. The median follow-up is 2.4 years. Graft failure was reported in 6% patients. At 3-years, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 25%, relapse 27%, grade 3-4 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) 12%, chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppression 14%, progression-free survival (PFS) 48% and overall survival (OS) 56%. On multivariable analysis, statistically significant associations included older age at BMT (per decade increment) with NRM (sdHR 3.28, 95%CI 1.30-8.25), PFS (HR 1.98, 95% 1.13-3.45) and OS (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.11-3.63), presence of mutation in EZH2/RUNX1/SETBP1 with relapse (sdHR 2.61, 95%CI 1.06-6.44), and splenomegaly at BMT/prior splenectomy with OS (HR 2.20, 95%CI 1.04-4.65). Haploidentical donors are a viable option for BMT in MDS/MPN, especially for those disproportionately represented in the unrelated donor registry. Disease-related factors including splenomegaly and high-risk mutations dominate outcomes following BMT.