Lipiodol Chemoembolization for Colorectal Cancers: Experimental Animal and Preliminary Clinical Study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of lipiodol chemoembolization of colorectal artery in animal experiments and a retrospective clinical study for advanced colorectal cancer patients. Methods The lipiodol chemoembolization of the posterior mesenteric artery was conducted on six Large White pigs in experimental study. Between September 2021 and June 2022, 12 advanced colorectal cancer patients underwent lipiodol chemoembolization once or twice with 1-month intervals in between. Results Following chemoembolization, there were no serious complications, in the pigs. Acute colorectal edema seen on day 1 after the procedure gradually decreased over time and the lipiodol was completely eliminated by day 14. Pathological changes included mucosal and submucosal infiltration by inflammatory cells, local mucosal erosion, and superficial ulceration. None of the patients had any serious adverse events during the peri-interventional period. Mild abdominal pain, mucinous stool, and a sense of urgency and heaviness after chemoembolization were common, but improved in a short time. Overall disease control and objective response rates were 91.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusion Lipiodol chemoembolization of the colorectal artery appears to be technically feasible and safe. It may be considered a novel treatment option for patients with advanced colorectal cancers.