Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to advancing sustainable urban logistics and distribution, focusing on fast charging and power exchange modes as the core research objects. Our key contribution lies in the development of an electric vehicle path optimization model, wherein the primary objective is total cost minimization. Additionally, we leverage V2G technology to enable slow charging and discharging management of electric vehicles upon their return to the distribution center. Furthermore, we introduce a robust calculation method for estimating battery loss costs, taking into account ambient temperature and discharge depth. The logistics distribution model is effectively solved using a genetic algorithm, incorporating both charging modes under the V2G framework. The simulation results demonstrate that our V2G model significantly enhances the operational flexibility of electric vehicle logistics distribution, leading to a substantial reduction in distribution costs. Moreover, it effectively balances peak and valley loads within the distribution system. In this study, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the charging and swapping mode model through experimental comparisons, offering valuable insights to aid decision-making in the logistics sector regarding charging and swapping strategies. Additionally, we investigate the impact of slow charging and discharging management on the distribution system. Furthermore, we perform a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to explore factors influencing battery loss in electric vehicles. Notably, we find a direct correlation between higher temperatures and deeper discharge depths with increased battery loss. Our research introduces a cutting-edge solution to optimize urban logistics, significantly contributing to sustainable development. The proposed model provides critical implications for the logistics industry, driving efficient and eco-friendly practices in electric vehicle distribution.