Association of APOE polymorphisms with serological lipid and inflammatory markers

Abstract

Abstract Background The study aims to assess the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms with serological lipid and inflammatory markers to determine their potential role in predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A total of 915 individuals underwent testing for lipid and inflammatory biomarkers at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory. Clinical data, blood lipid and inflammatory profiles, and APOE genotyping were analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Result Compared to the E3/E3 genotype, individuals with E2/E3 genotypes showed higher levels of HDL, triglycerides, APOA, HSCRP, and MPO. E2/E4 genotype carriers had higher levels of HDL, triglycerides, Lp(a), and BNPNT. E3/E4 genotypes were associated with elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL, Lp(a), HSCRP, SDLDL, OXLDL, MPO, LDL-CAL, PLAC, and APOB. The E4/E4 group displayed higher concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, APOB, Lp(a), HSCRP, SDLDL, OXLDL, MPO, LDLCAL, and PLAC compared to E3/E3 carriers. These findings highlight the atherogenic effect of the ε4 allele and the potential protective effect of the ε2 allele on lipid and inflammatory markers. Conclusion This study provides strong evidence linking APOE gene polymorphism to abnormal serum lipid and inflammatory profiles. Individuals carrying the e4 alleles exhibited dysregulated lipid metabolism and abnormal inflammatory markers, increasing their risk of CVD and AD. Early detection and prompt diagnosis are crucial for implementing therapeutic, dietary, and lifestyle interventions to mitigate risks and prevent or delay lipid and inflammation-related disorders.