Effects of Acute Heat Stress on Haemato-biochemical Parameters, Oxidative Resistance Ability, and Immune Responses of Hybrid Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco × P. Vachelli) Juveniles

Abstract

Abstract This study investigated the effect of heat stress on the physiological parameters, oxidation resistance ability and immune responses in juvenile hybrid yellow catfish. Heat stress group exposed to 35°Cand control to 28°C. Blood and liver were sampled at different hours’ post-exposure. Results showed that red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) counts, Hemoglobin (HGB) levels and hematocrit (HCT) values increased significantly (P < 0.05) post-exposure to heat stress. This indicates the increase of cell metabolism. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, total cholesterol (TC), total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG) and glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) indicating the need to cope with stress and cell damage. Liver TC, TG, COR hormone, C3 complement increased significantly from 24h to 96h. Heat stress mostly affects the hepatic antioxidant and immune resistance functions, resulting in increments of cortisol levels, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. The increase of Malondialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) indicate stimulation of the immune responses to protect the liver cells from damage. The decrease in Liver TP indicated liver impairment. Decrease in Glycogen content from 6h to 96h indicated mobilization of more metabolites to cope with increased energy demand. Interestingly, results showed that heat stress trigged costly responses in the experimental fish like accelerated metabolism and deplete energy reserves, which could indirectly affect ability of fish to set up efficient long term defense responses against stress. These results provide insight into prevention and management of stress in juvenile hybrid yellow catfish.