The Influencing Factors and Bridge Relationships of PTSD and Depression Symptoms among Snakebite Victims: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Survey

Abstract

Background The incidence of comorbid depression and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is higher in snakebite victims. However, it is currently unclear the current situation and influencing factors of depression and PTSD in Chinese snakebite victims. Methods A representative sample of 6837 snakebite victims were assessed with the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (Civilian Version) and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariate analyses, including network analysis, evaluated the influencing factors of PTSD and depression caused by snake bites, as well as the bridge symptoms of comorbidity networks. Results Among 6,837 snakebite victims, 79.5% reported PTSD symptoms and 81.4% reported depression. Comorbidity of PTSD and depression was found in 75.1%. Key factors included the presence sequelae after snakebite (OR_PTSD =2.307, OR_Depression=1.885), time to medical facilities (6–8 hours: OR_PTSD =3.172, OR_Depression =2.462), and marital status (divorced/widowed: OR_PTSD =1.784, OR_Depression =1.760). Symptoms I1 ("Repeated disturbing memories") and D1 ("Bothered by things that don’t usually bother me") bridged PTSD and depression networks. Conclusion The primary psychological challenges for snakebite victims in China are Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, which is concerning. Standardized diagnosis and treatments, timely medical care, and stable marital relationships can reduce risks. Additional psychological support, especially for those with severe bridge symptoms, and managing negative memories can help. Further research should concentrate on understanding victims' psychological states and developing effective interventions. And devising effective intervention programs.