References range and influencing factors of body composition and regional fat for children and adolescents: Compositional Data Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Objective To explore body composition and regional fat reference and influencing factors in children and adolescents by the CoDA method. Methods A total of 1976 children and adolescents were included in China. The 95% reference contour range (RCR) and influencing factors were explored by ILR. Results Gender differences increased gradually in %fat, %muscle, %lower fat, and %trunk fat after 12 years, and the corresponding 95% RCRs were [3.11 ~ 45.27%], [51.27 ~ 91.11%], [13.01 ~ 68.38%], and [9.24 ~ 81.98%] for boys and [8.11 ~ 45.27%], [51.27 ~ 86.11%], [22.36 ~ 58.76%], and [18.48 ~ 69.28%] for girls. Birth weight and parental BMI were positively associated with fat relative dominance (RD) (all RD > = 2.10%, P < = 0.040), and negatively associated with muscle RD or bone RD (all RD<=-0.69%, P < = 0.017) for both sexes. Birth weight and parental BMI were negatively associated with upper fat RD (UFRD) or lower fat RD (LFRD) (all RD<=-1.38%, P < = 0.008), and positively associated with trunk fat RD (TFRD) (all RD > = 2.10%, P < = 0.018) for both sexes. Compared with < = 2 times/week, >=3 times/week in meat or > = 6 times/week in pure milk reduced UFRD or LFRD (all RD<=-7.34%, P < = 0.025), and increased TFRD (all RD > = 15.67%, P < = 0.036) for both sexes. Conclusions Body composition and regional fat RCR and influencing factors, including birth weight, parental BMI, meat, and pure milk, could be helpful for the growth and development assessment and diet guideline formulation for children and adolescents.