Toll-like receptor 9-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote Th17 immune responses in oral lichen planus stimulated by epithelium-derived cathepsin K

Author:

Miyahara Yuka1,Hu Chen1,Moriyama Masafumi1,Mochizuki Keita1,Kaneko Naoki1,Haque Rafiul ASM2,Chinju Akira1,Kai Kazuki1,Sakamoto Mizuki1,Kakizoe-Ishiguro Noriko1,Yamauchi Masaki1,Ogata Kenichi1,Kiyoshima Tamotsu1,Kawano Shintaro1,Nakamura Seiji1

Affiliation:

1. Kyushu University

2. Udayan Dental College

Abstract

Abstract Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with T cell infiltration. The crosstalk between oral epithelium and mucosal T cells was considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of OLP. Here, we selectively extracted the normal and lesional epithelium (LE) of buccal mucosa specimens from three patients with OLP by laser capture microdissection due to identify the pathogenic factors. Cathepsin K (CTSK) was identified as one of common upregulated genes in the LE by DNA microarray. Immunohistochemically, CTSK was distinctly detected in and around the LE, while it was rarely seen in the NE. Recent studies showed that CTSK enhanced Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling in antigen-presenting cells, leading to Th17 cell differentiation. TLR9 expression mainly co-localized with CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). The number of RORγt-positive cells correlated with that of CTSK-positive cells in OLP tissues. CD123+ pDCs induced the production of Th17-related cytokines (IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β) upon stimulation with TLR9 agonist CpG DNA. Moreover, single cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that TLR9-positive pDCs enhanced in genes associated with Th17 cell differentiation in comparison with TLR9-negative pDCs. CTSK may induce Th17-related production of CD123+ pDCs via TLR9 signaling to promote the pathogenesis of OLP.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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