Enhancing Upper Extremity Muscle Strength in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Using Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Exercise

Abstract

Abstract Study Design A randomized experimental design. Objectives This study explores the feasibility and effects of low-intensity blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) exercise on forearm muscle strength and function in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, Canada. Methods Ten male and female participants with SCI, aged 18-75, underwent an 8-week LI-BFR exercise program that targeted forearm muscles. Grip strength was the primary outcome measure, and participants also provided qualitative feedback on their experiences. Results The study revealed a significant increase in forearm muscle strength among participants in the intervention group who engaged in LI-BFR training, with an average strength gain of 7.5 ± 0.37 kg post 16 exercise sessions (Cohen`s d=-6.32, 95% CI: -8.34, -6.68). In contrast, the control group, following a conventional high-intensity exercise regimen without BFR, showed a more modest strength increase of 4.4 ± 0.68 kg. Additionally, the intervention was well-received, with minimal reported discomfort and high participant satisfaction. A mean Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score of 2.2 reflected overall improvements in participants' daily activities and health status. Conclusions This study highlights the feasibility and efficacy of LI-BFR exercise as a safe method to improve forearm muscle strength in individuals with SCI. The extension of this technique to target additional limb muscles holds promise for advancing muscle rehabilitation in the SCI population. The positive outcomes and high level of participant satisfaction suggest that this innovative method can enhance functional independence and elevate the overall quality of life of this population.