Affiliation:
1. Ilam University Faculty of Sciences
2. Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Neuroscience Research Center
3. Shahid Beheshti University Faculty of Biological Sciences
4. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Faculty of Basic Sciences
5. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Department of Biology
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion leads to brain tissue injury. Inflammation and apoptosis play pivotal roles in the pathology. α-Pinene is an organic compound of many aromatic plants and is known as a potent agent to possess antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we sought to identify the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanism by which α-Pinene improves brain ischemia injury.
Methods Male Wistar rats underwent MCAO surgery for 1 hour and different doses of alpha-pinene (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected immediately after reperfusion to test this hypothesis. IV, NDS, gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and caspase-3 were assessed 24h after reperfusion.
Key findings Results demonstrated that NF-κB p65, iNOS, and COX-2 gene and protein expression increased in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum after 24 h of reperfusion, and alpha-pinene significantly inhibited NF-kB p65, iNOS, and COX-2 expression. Also, alpha-pinene significantly reduced the ischemia/reperfusion-induced caspase-3 activation in CA1 area of hippocampus.
Conclusions Results showed that alpha-pinene protects the cerebral against ischemic damage caused by MCAO, and this effect may be through the regulating iNOS -NF-kappa B- COX-2 and caspas-3 inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC