Natural deep eutectic solvents for turbidity removal from synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater

Author:

Hayyan Adeeb1ORCID,Suratmin Siti1ORCID,Zuki Mohamed1ORCID,Salleh Zulhaziman2ORCID,Saleh Jehad3ORCID,Abdulmonem Waleed4ORCID,Aljohani Abdullah5ORCID,Aldaihani Ahmad6ORCID,Alkandari Khaled1ORCID,Nor Mohd7ORCID,Yeow Andrew1ORCID,Basirun Wan8ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

3. Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

4. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia

5. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia

6. School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

7. Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

8. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

Contamination of water resources by active pharmaceutical ingredient wastes is among major environmental concerns. To prevent major disruptions of aquatic life, an efficient and environmentally-friendly turbidity removal procedure of common contaminants such as paracetamol should be established. In this study, several natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were screened to reduce the turbidity of simulated water contaminated with paracetamol below the standard turbidity limit recommended by the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (50 NTU). The optimal operating parameters (NADES dosage, stirring time and operating pH) were determined. Under optimized conditions, stearic acid-based NADES achieved the highest turbidity removal of 97.5 %. High coagulation performances were investigated based on molecular interaction using COSMO-RS (COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents) ?-profile and ?-potential (histogram of charge density distribution over molecular surface) and showed high affinity between the NADES compounds and paracetamol. Thus, NADESs are promising candidates for turbidity removal of paracetamol from water and are viable in further investigations for effluent treatment applications.

Publisher

National Library of Serbia

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