Some properties of man-made Dnieper Steppe ecosystems

Abstract

Physico-chemical and hydrogeological properties of technogenic ecotope landscapes are unique in the world. Their development has created a new, completely unexplored problem of recultivation of disturbed lands. The ecological and biological evaluation of ecotypes is the leading place because it is the basis of targeted restoration of fertility of such anthropogenic tumors. As tests for the development of waste quarry sectors in the long-term stationary trials there were tested 23 species of higher plants. In the steppe of Ukraine the greatest ecological and biological according to technogenic ecotopes showed alfalfa and sainfoin. They are plant-dominants, accumulate large quantities of biomass, creating pockets of concentrations of elements in soil fertility, improve the sanitary conditions of the surrounding area. The nature translocational process in higher plants was identified. It completely depends on their biological features and is the creation of their root systems with the same structure and therefore their distribution in the thickness of elafotopos who are able to provide plants with nutrients and to produce the maximum possible efficiency in data soil-ecological conditions. Alfalfa and sainfoin showed great ecological plasticity of root systems. On the poverty of ecotopes batteries they reacted by increasing the surface and length of roots. It is established that the saturation of ecotopes roots is directly proportional to their mass, and the surface root system and its length are values associated with root mass. With the depth of the absorbing working surface root systems increases. The mathematical model of calculation of the ecological and biological characteristics of root systems of plants and progressive framework method of selection of soil monoliths with roots. After washing, the roots are reported to air-dry state and are distributed through the thickness of 4 factions: more than 5 mm, 5–1, 1–0,5 and less than 0.5 mm. This allows you to get an idea about the structure of the root system and its distribution in the thickness of ecotopes, as well as to determine the portion of the roots through which the greatest absorption of water and food items. The features of the development of the underground part of plants that is the basis for the development of practical methods of influence on ecotopia. For example, alfalfa is useful for sodding slope plots dump pits or eroded fields, and sainfoin – to create water-stable structural units. It is shown that the qualitative indicators of ecotopes strictly determine the morphology and aboveground and underground parts, as well as the number and weight of nodules in legumes. In the thickness of ecotopes man-made landscapes is the basis for the creation of primary consorting relations are root systems of perennial leguminous grasses. They determine the structure of microbial cenosis and regulate the number of microorganisms. Adaptation of perennial legumes and soil microorganisms to the variability of environmental conditions in the deep ecotypes reflects their close interaction with the factors of this unique environment. Overburden, the unconsolidated rocks have a high stimulatory effect on the development of microorganisms. In 10–15 years after the removal of the "day" the surface sets up a pool of microorganisms and is manifested microbiological profile, the pattern of which reflects the diversity of ecotopia. There was determined the intensity of decomposition of roots in a layer of technogenic ecotopes landscapes. It falls in the direction from the zonal soil to gray-green clay. For the year transformed to 80 % of the roots of alfalfa and to 66 % in winter wheat. First of all the thin roots of the legumes were destroyed in the spring. It was shown increased sidorovskaya role of kulturpflanzen, especially species of alfalfa and sainfoin. They are plant-dominants and create pockets of concentration of the soil platoro-Diya. Soil formation begins with the surface, gradually spreading to the lower layers of ecotopes.