A Critical Analysis of Relationship and Management of Sweet Bones in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Due to the increased risk of encountering several bone deformities as a result of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1 diabetes), it has become obligatory to study this relationship among them so that such conditions of skeletal complications might be detected and treated at a much earlier stage. Type 1 diabetic patients have ameliorated bone mineral density and bone turnover, thus increasing the risk of individuals suffering from fractures. The mechanism behind bone deformities is multifactorial and not completely understood yet. The major factors responsible are less amount of osteoclasts and decreased activity of osteoblasts due to deviated insulin signaling pathway. Other eminent factors involved are oxidative stress, elevated levels of calcium and magnesium in urine, and the build-up of advanced glycation end products. These eminent factors lead to the formation of sweet bones. Sweet bone is a name given collectively to the altered structure, strength, and metabolism of bones. This study will help the researchers to understand and maintain good lifestyle practices. Educating the patients about avoiding other diabetic complications, regular consumption of calcium and vitamin D, along with maintaining proper serum glucose levels are the major steps to be taken primarily in treating bone loss due to type 1 diabetes.