1. Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
2. Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
3. Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
4. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Yokosuka General Hospital Uwamachi, Kanagawa, Japan.
5. Department of Emergency and Critical Care, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan.
6. Emergency and Critical Care Center, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan.
7. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan.