Comparative aspects of experimental models of eye neovascularization of different localization (experimental studies)

Abstract

The evolution of treatment technologies and changing requirements for them dictates the development of a strategy for their implementation in clinical practice. The fi rst stage is the assessment of the capabilities, effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, the development of indications and contraindications on models of eye diseases in the experiment.The purpose of the work: to conduct a comparative analysis of experimental models of neovascularization of the eyes of different localization, their reproducibility and compliance with natural analogues of human diseases.Material and methods. In an experiment 2 models of chorioretinal neoangiogenesis and 2 models of corneal localization were studied. All models employed the eyes of one biological species of experimental animals – rabbits of the Chinchilla breed (n = 60). Further, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the used models of eye neoangiogenesis were analyzed empirically. The correspondence of the formed experimental models in animals to natural human diseases was checked by fl uorescence angiography, optical coherence tomography and histological research methods. Results. All 4 experimental models demonstrated clinical signs of neovascularization with different clinical manifestations, verifi ed angiographically, morphometrically (OCT models 1 and 2; in vivo) and histologically (models 1–4; ex vivo). The percentage of neovascularization “yield” on different models varied from 75 to 100%. Models of chorioretinal neovascularization were closer in clinical manifestations to the natural manifestations of the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. However, anterior localization models were preferred because of the free access, ease of reproduction, and good visualization of the area of interest, allowing monitoring during treatment. At the same time, angiogenesis in these models has a different nature and partly other mechanisms in which infl ammatory reactions play an important role. However, these models make it possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the pathological process with a quantitative count of the newly formed vessels in the cornea, including their length, the diameter of their lumen, to assess the usefulness of the anatomy of the vascular wall, the composition and density of the paravasal cell microenvironment. Taken together, this is of no small importance in preclinical trials of technologies with the claimed angiostatic effect.Conclusion. To obtain a full amount of information about the test drug with the declared angiostatic potential, it is necessary to use several models of neoangiogenesis with different mechanisms of pathogenesis, on which one can study the range of their capabilities and side effects, as well as evaluate the entire range of biological effects.