Wnt and BMP signalling direct anterior–posterior differentiation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells

Author:

Amel Atoosa1ORCID,Rabeling Alexa1ORCID,Rossouw Simoné1,Goolam Mubeen12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Cape Town 1 Department of Human Biology , , Cape Town 7925 , South Africa

2. UCT Neuroscience Institute 2 , Cape Town , South Africa

Abstract

ABSTRACT Stem-cell-based embryo models have allowed greater insight into peri-implantation mammalian developmental events that are otherwise difficult to manipulate due to the inaccessibility of the early embryo. The rapid development of this field has resulted in the precise roles of frequently used supplements such as N2, B27 and Chiron in driving stem cell lineage commitment not being clearly defined. Here, we investigate the effects of these supplements on embryoid bodies to better understand their roles in stem cell differentiation. We show that Wnt signalling has a general posteriorising effect on stem cell aggregates and directs differentiation towards the mesoderm, as confirmed through the upregulation of posterior and mesodermal markers. N2 and B27 can mitigate these effects and upregulate the expression of anterior markers. To control the Wnt gradient and the subsequent anterior versus posterior fate, we make use of a BMP4 signalling centre and show that aggregates in these conditions express cephalic markers. These findings indicate that there is an intricate balance between various culture supplements and their ability to guide differentiation in stem cell embryo models.

Funder

National Research Foundation of South Africa

The David and Elaine Potter Foundation

University of Cape Town

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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