Investigation of Potential Neuroprotective Role of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials and Their Derivatives by Targeting Glial Cells

Abstract

Glial cells, although often overlooked in comparison with neurons, play a crucial role in the structure and function of the nervous system. Their loss can lead to impairment of functions such as learning and memory, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. To combat these diseases effectively, therapeutic strategies must restore the function of neuronal and glial cells. Natural resources offer promising therapeutic molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Chitosan (CTS), chitooligosaccharide (COS) and their derivatives from arthropod exoskeletons have attracted the attention of neuroscientists because of their neuroprotective effects and their ability to transport therapeutic substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This chapter explores the role of natural resources in the fight against neuronal diseases.