Past, Present, and Future of Alkaloid-Based Anticancer Agents

Abstract

Alkaloids are defined as a group of naturally occurring compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom in their heterocyclic ring. They are abundant in nature, and are a source of pharmacologically significant compounds. This chapter provides an overview of the past, present, and future of the anticancer activity of these secondary metabolites. Based on their chemical structure, biological activity, and pathways of biosynthesis, they can be classified into different classes and are investigated for their anti-cancer properties. The action of alkaloids depends on how they target the cancer cells, their interactions with cellular components, their impact on cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and angiogenesis inhibition. Numerous scientific advancements have been achieved over the years to enhance their efficacy and reduce their resistance to these alkaloids. Although these naturally occurring compounds have contributed remarkably to cancer treatment, there are challenges and limitations present. Hence, future perspectives of alkaloids are being investigated.