Affiliation:
1. Lovely Professional University, India
2. Bayero University, Nigeria
Abstract
Since its start in 1993, the Farmer Field School (FFS) programme has trained farmers to use fewer pesticides and integrated pest management (IPM) methods, which has led to higher crop yields and profits. Although women contribute significantly to agriculture, the term 'farmer' still has a male connotation whenever it is used. Therefore, the present systematic review examined the FFS impact and challenges on women farmers. FFS trained men; only after 2010 did women's integration in FFS increase. Impacts for both sexes included enhanced knowledge, incomes, sustainable practices, social capital, and food security. However, challenges persist in FFS, such as financial constraints, inadequate curricula, and gender barriers. Recommendations include tailoring FFS to women's needs, policy integration, multimodal training, rigorous impact evaluations, and exploring digital agriculture convergence. Inclusivity of men is crucial for gender equity and extend FFS's resources for sustainable agricultural development.
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