Computational FEM Application on Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Minimum Invasive Surgery Through Needle Insertion Process

Abstract

PCNL or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is one of the foremost interventional surgical treatment modalities for big kidney stones, which are more than two centimeters in diameter. With the application of miniaturized procedures, the signs for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy have been increased to smaller renal stones. Particularly for urologist surgeons without an accent on endourology, it is challenging to indicate the developing multitude of existing methods and procedures. Several makers have established different percutaneous nephrolithotripsy methods with changing diameters and different features. The suggestions for the dissimilar methods are intersecting. Reflective studies presented decreased complication rates. This chapter defines the presently available methods for percutaneous stone surgical treatment with their particularities and suggestions and studies the steering of a surgical flexible needle into the kidney to take out the stone by this procedure and finite element model analysis force of surgical needle and deformation of kidney tissue model.