Cognitive-Communication Disorders and Neurodisability in the Criminal Justice System: Emerging Roles, Responsibilities, and Opportunities for Speech-Language Pathologists

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide a framework for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) supporting youth and adults in the criminal justice system (CJS) who have cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs) related to neurodisability. Method: We provide an overview of communication disorders and CCDs in the CJS as well as the underlying etiologies leading to neurodisability, with a primary focus on traumatic brain injury. Additionally, we provide a framework for understanding the underlying factors that contribute to criminalization and recidivism as well as elucidate the role of SLPs in the context of the CJS. Results: SLPs have an important role to play with youth and adults in the CJS and should be routinely involved in the screening of communication disorders; in the provision of assessments, intervention, education, and training; and in advocacy roles. Conclusion: The high prevalence of CCDs in the CJS affords a unique and important role for SLPs to be active members of the interdisciplinary justice team, which, ultimately, may improve outcomes and reduce the cycle of recidivism.