1. This article and my earliest thinking on the subject emerged from discussions with Professor Kathleen James-Chakraborty, who gets my first expression of gratitude. I must also thank Professor Paul Groth, who helped to bring this research into a solid dissertation chapter with his advice and careful edits. Professor Michael Tietz and Andrew Shanken also read and made insightful comments. Most importantly, this research was supported by the Institute for the Study of Social Change, and I am indebted to both the organization, the staff, and my co-Graduate Fellows there. I am also indebted to a Bancroft Library fellowship for much of this research. Finally, I am deeply indebted to JSAH editors David Brownlee and Hilary Ballon, and the anonymous reviewers who all made very insightful comments on this article's content. Stefan Muthesius, The Post War University: Utopianist Campus and College (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), 10-11. Muthesius attributed the quote to Kerr. In fact, it appears to be the words of V. A. Stadtman paraphrasing the arguments of Kerr in one of his April 1963 Godkin lectures at Harvard. See V. A. Stadtman, University of California 1868-1968 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1970), 423
2. Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University (1963, reprint, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001), 6.
3. Numerous newspaper reports documented the heavy-handed and violent police approach. See for example, among many others, "Editorial: Days of Blood, Nights of Terror," The Daily Califirnian, 23 May 1969; "Of Police, Military Lawlessness," Berkeley Bee, 24 May 1969. See also Professors Frederick Berry, Thomas Brooks, Eugene Commins, "A Report on the People's Park Incident" (Berkeley: UC Berkeley Academic Senate, 1969), The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
4. See, for instance, Educational Facilities Laboratories, College Students Live Here; A Study of College Housing (New York: Educational Facilities Laboratory, 1961); Case Studies of Educational Facilities (New York: EFL, 1961).
5. The Ford Foundation in the Cold War era was often involved in supporting soft Cold War efforts and served as a conduit for CIA funding of the arts for the Cold War efforts. See Frances Stoner Saunders, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters (New York: The New Press, 2000).