1. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
2. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
3. Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China;
4. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
5. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
6. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;
7. Department of Anesthesia, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
8. Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (Perelman School of Medicine), Department of Family and Community Health (School of Nursing), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
9. Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania