1. Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
2. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
3. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
4. Pulmonology Division, Cardiopulmonary Department, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
5. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Institute for Treatment and Research, Ca’ Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy;
6. University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France;
7. Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut de Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain;
8. Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
9. Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;
10. Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;
11. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
12. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China;
13. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
14. Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois;
15. Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
16. Servei de Medicina Intensiva Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and
17. Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda General Hospital, Milan, Italy