Abstract
Abstract
Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that combines living cells, biomaterials, and biological molecules to develop biologically functional constructs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is commonly used as an in vitro modeling system and is a more accurate representation of in vivo conditions in comparison to two-dimensional cell culture. Although 3D bioprinting has been utilized in various tissue engineering and clinical applications, it only takes into consideration the initial state of the printed scaffold or object. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged in recent years to incorporate the additional dimension of time within the printed 3D scaffolds. During the 4D bioprinting process, an external stimulus is exposed to the printed construct, which ultimately changes its shape or functionality. By studying how the structures and the embedded cells respond to various stimuli, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the functionality of native tissues. This review paper will focus on the biomaterial breakthroughs in the newly advancing field of 4D bioprinting and their applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. In addition, the use of smart biomaterials and 4D printing mechanisms for tissue engineering applications is discussed to demonstrate potential insights for novel 4D bioprinting applications. To address the current challenges with this technology, we will conclude with future perspectives involving the incorporation of biological scaffolds and self-assembling nanomaterials in bioprinted tissue constructs.
Funder
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Defense
National Institute of Health
University of Connecticut
Subject
Biomedical Engineering,General Medicine,Biomaterials,Biochemistry,Bioengineering,Biotechnology
Reference135 articles.
1. Tissue engineering;Langer;Science,1993
2. Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography;Hull,1986
3. Four-dimensional bioprinting: current developments and applications in bone tissue engineering;Wan;Acta Biomater.,2020
4. Biofabrication: a guide to technology and terminology;Moroni;Trends Biotechnol.,2018
5. 3D bioprinting and stem cells;Moore;Methods Mol. Biol.,2018
Cited by
7 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献