Abstract
AbstractAmbient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
Funder
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
Strategic Project
Free State of Saxony
BIDEKO Project
MCIN/AEI
Spanish State Research Agency
European Regional Development Fund
Basic Science Research Program
Ministry of Education
University of Bath
Swedish Knowledge Foundation
University of Calgary
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies
Canada Research Chairs program
EU
EPSRC
National Research Foundation of Korea
NRF
CUP
Priority Research Centers Program
Royal Society of Chemistry
Luxembourg National Fund
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
Korea government
UNIFY
European regional development fund
European Research Council
ERC
Simon Fraser University
Royal Society
MSCA
Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
U.S. Department of Energy
MIUR
BOOSTER
China Scholarship Council
Italian Ministry
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
the Cardiff University, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
National Science Foundation of China
NSF
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering
Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program
JST Mirai Program
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Basic Science Center Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China
JSPS
Advanced Manufacturing
A*STAR
MASSCOTE
BCS
JST
PRESTO
Aerospace Programme
EB
Innovate UK
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Nuclear Security Administration
Laboratory-Directed Research and Development
Sandia, LLC
the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
German Research Foundation
United States Government
UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship
Honeywell International Inc.
The Leverhulme Trust
Royal Academy of Engineering
Office of the Chief Science Adviser for National Security
European Union
Key R&D Program of China
Henry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied Science
Department of Bioengineering at the University of California, Los Angeles
CREST
Beijing Forestry University
Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project
Korean government
Japan Science and Technology Agency
EP
the Australian Research Council, QUT
Key Research Project of Zhejiang
Center for Hierarchical Materials Design
Austrian Christian Doppler Laboratory for Thermoelectricity
DOE
HBIS-UQ Innovation Centre for Sustainable Steel
Subject
Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics