Hazard mapping in Sembalun-Senaru hiking trail, Mount Rinjani National Park

Abstract

Abstract Visitors primarily prioritise safety and security while selecting a tourist site, such as Mount Rinjani National Park (3726 masl), which is known for its mountaineering activities. It is necessary to do a mapping of the possible hazard due to the fact that the earthquake in August 2018 caused significant changes to the landscape of the hiking trail. The objective of this study is to analyse and evaluate possible dangers and provide suggestions for managing risks on the Sembalun-Senaru hiking trail in Mount Rinjani National Park (MRNP). The data was gathered by field observations, interviews, and a review of relevant literature. The analysis of physical and biological hazard data is associated with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), while the analysis of human activity hazard data is associated with the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA). The hazards present in the area include seismic events, mass movements, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, gorges, precipitous trails, cold temperatures, fog, wildlife encounters, plant-related dangers, and human activities. The hazards with the highest risk values include steep pathways (physical), tree roots (biological), and jogging (human). Preventing hazards is achieved by enhancing climbers’ and the public’s understanding of risks through outreach, education, and simulations, as well as by enhancing the quality and adding necessary infrastructure. The curative activity is implemented by establishing precise operational standards for managing accidents and transportation.