Abstract
Abstract
A milestone on plant protection in Indonesia was marked by establishment of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) since 1986 through Presidential decree Inpres no. 3 th. 1986. Moreover, IPM was implemented and has made a fundamental change in plant protection institution, farmer’s capacity and agricultural practices, and consequently rice pest’s problems. Furthermore, IPM was also implemented in horticulture and estate crops. During 33 years-historical journey of IPM, socio-political situation, global environmental problems and issues, science and technology has dynamically changed which affect IPM implementation. The paper categorized IPM development in Indonesia into three phases; emergence-growth, stationary and survival, and new phase of IPM. Every period has specific characteristics on: pest problems, science and technology, national and global environmental issues, human resources, role of plant protection institutions and mode of dissemination. A new phase of IPM is needed to make a strong and resilience plant protection system, therefore able to face and manage more complex problems plant pests, diseases under change of climate in the coming years, to secure food and agricultural productivity and sustainability. New phase of IPM absolutely need farmers field school, and enrichment of technology and approach including agro-ecology and landscape approach, biotechnology, information technology (IT), remote sensing and biosensor technology.