Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous–unemotional traits

Author:

Pauli RuthORCID,Tino Peter,Rogers Jack C.,Baker Rosalind,Clanton Roberta,Birch Philippa,Brown Abigail,Daniel Gemma,Ferreira Lisandra,Grisley Liam,Kohls Gregor,Baumann Sarah,Bernhard Anka,Martinelli Anne,Ackermann Katharina,Lazaratou Helen,Tsiakoulia Foteini,Bali Panagiota,Oldenhof Helena,Jansen Lucres,Smaragdi Areti,Gonzalez-Madruga Karen,Gonzalez-Torres Miguel Angel,Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa Maider,Steppan Martin,Vriends Noortje,Bigorra Aitana,Siklosi Reka,Ghosh Sreejita,Bunte Kerstin,Dochnal Roberta,Hervas Amaia,Stadler Christina,Fernandez-Rivas Aranzazu,Fairchild Graeme,Popma Arne,Dikeos Dimitris,Konrad Kerstin,Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate,Freitag Christine M.,Rotshtein Pia,De Brito Stephane A.

Abstract

AbstractLess is known about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and positive and negative parenting in youth compared to early childhood. We combined traditional univariate analyses with a novel machine learning classifier (Angle-based Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization) to classify youth (N = 756; 9–18 years) into typically developing (TD) or CD groups with or without elevated CU traits (CD/HCU, CD/LCU, respectively) using youth- and parent-reports of parenting behavior. At the group level, both CD/HCU and CD/LCU were associated with high negative and low positive parenting relative to TD. However, only positive parenting differed between the CD/HCU and CD/LCU groups. In classification analyses, performance was best when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD groups and poorest when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. Positive and negative parenting were both relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD, negative parenting was most relevant when distinguishing between CD/LCU and TD, and positive parenting was most relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. These findings suggest that while positive parenting distinguishes between CD/HCU and CD/LCU, negative parenting is associated with both CD subtypes. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple parenting behaviors in CD with varying levels of CU traits in late childhood/adolescence.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Developmental and Educational Psychology

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