Efficacy of stumble recovery assistance in a knee exoskeleton for individuals with simulated mobility impairment: A pilot study

Abstract

Abstract Falls due to stumbles are a major cause of injury for many populations, and as such interventions to reduce fall risk have been a key focus of rehabilitation research. However, dedicated stumble recovery assistance in a powered lower-limb exoskeleton has yet to be explored as a fall mitigation intervention. Thus young, healthy adults ( $ N=3 $ ) were recruited for a stumble recovery experiment to test the efficacy of knee exoskeleton stumble recovery assistance in improving an impaired stumble recovery response (i.e., the elevating strategy response). Leg weights were attached unilaterally to each participant’s shank to simulate walking and stumble recovery impairment, and a unilateral powered knee exoskeleton was worn on the same leg for walking and stumble recovery assistance. Ultimately, knee exoskeleton stumble recovery assistance served to improve participants’ elevating limb kinematics (i.e., increase thigh and knee motion) and reduce overall fall risk (i.e., reduce trunk motion and improve foot placement) during responses relative to their impaired response (i.e., with the leg weights and no assistance), and relative to their response while receiving only walking assistance. This initial exploration provides a first indication that knee exoskeleton stumble recovery assistance is a viable approach to improving an impaired stumble recovery response, which could serve two important use cases: (1) a safety mechanism for existing exoskeleton wearers, who may be less capable of recovering from stumbles due to the added weight or joint impedance of the device; (2) an external stumble recovery aid for fall-prone populations, such as the elderly or stroke survivors.