Aging steepens the slope of power spectrum density of 30-minute continuous blood pressure recording in healthy human subjects

Abstract

Background The increase of blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) is recognized as an important additional cardiovascular risk factor in both normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients. Aging-induced atherosclerosis and autonomic dysfunction impair the baroreflex and, in turn, augment 24-hour BPV. In small and large animal experiments, impaired baroreflex steepens the slope of the power spectrum density (PSD) of continuous BP in the frequency range of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz. Although the repeated oscillometric BP recording over 24 hours or longer is a prerequisite to quantify BPV in humans, how the very short-term continuous BP recording reflects BPV remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of aging on the very short-term (30-min) BPV in healthy human subjects by frequency analysis. Methods We recorded continuous BP tonometrically for 30 min in 56 healthy subjects aged between 28 and 85 years. Considering the frequency-dependence of the baroreflex dynamic function, we estimated the PSD of BP in the frequency range of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, and compared the characteristics of PSD among four age groups (26–40, 41–55, 56–70 and 71–85 years). Results Aging did not significantly alter mean and standard deviation (SD) of BP among four age groups. PSD was nearly flat around 0.01 Hz and decreased gradually as the frequency increased. The slope of PSD between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz was steeper in older subjects (71 years or older) than in younger subjects (55 years or younger) (p < 0.05). Conclusions Aging steepened the slope of PSD of BP between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz. This phenomenon may partly be related to the deterioration of the baroreflex in older subjects. Our proposed method to evaluate very short-term continuous BP recordings may contribute to the stratification of BPV.